# AI-implicated terrorism cases The documented public record of artificial intelligence implicated in terrorism, violent extremism and mass violence: self-radicalised individuals and organised groups. Compiled from public records and Tech Against Terrorism's CT Casebook. Canonical page: https://www.ct-ai.org/cases ## What this list is - Public record only. - Individuals are named only where convicted, charged, or deceased and named in an official finding. - Every entry carries at least one external source. - Confidence is labelled per entry. - Entries marked charged describe allegations, and those individuals are presumed innocent unless convicted. - No operational detail is reproduced. ## AI and Terrorism Incident Tracker - Cases logged: 30+ - AI tools: 11+ - Deaths: 70+ - As of: June 2026 ## Group A: self-radicalisation and attack planning Lone individuals, largely in the West, whose intent was shaped or reinforced by consumer AI tools, or who used them to prepare violence. ### Jaswant Singh Chail - Status: Convicted - Year: 2023 - Jurisdiction: United Kingdom - Categories: Chatbot radicalisation, Attack planning - AI tools: Replika - Confidence: Court established - Canonical URL: https://www.ct-ai.org/cases#uk-chail-2023 He exchanged thousands of messages with a Replika chatbot companion that validated his stated intent before he entered the grounds of Windsor Castle with a loaded crossbow intending to kill Queen Elizabeth II, and was sentenced to nine years for treason in remarks that address the chatbot exchanges directly. Sources: - Courts and Tribunals Judiciary, 5 October 2023: [R v Chail: sentencing remarks](https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/r-v-chail/) - The Register, 6 October 2023: [AI chatbot encouraged man to kill the Queen, court hears](https://www.theregister.com/2023/10/06/ai_chatbot_kill_queen/) ### Matthew Livelsberger - Status: Deceased - Year: 2025 - Jurisdiction: United States - Categories: Attack planning, Capability uplift - AI tools: ChatGPT - Confidence: Official report - Canonical URL: https://www.ct-ai.org/cases#us-livelsberger-2025 Las Vegas police publicly described this as the first case on US soil in which ChatGPT queries were used to help plan an explosive device detonated outside the Trump International Hotel after Livelsberger took his own life, while OpenAI said the model had returned only publicly available information with warnings. Sources: - AP News, 7 January 2025: [Man who exploded Tesla Cybertruck outside Trump hotel in Las Vegas used generative AI, police say](https://apnews.com/article/tesla-cybertruck-explosion-trump-hotel-las-vegas-248b41d87287170aa7b68d27581fdb4d) - NBC News, 7 January 2025: [Driver in Las Vegas Cybertruck explosion used ChatGPT to plan blast, authorities say](https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/driver-las-vegas-cybertruck-explosion-used-chatgpt-plan-blast-authorit-rcna186704) - CNN, 7 January 2025: [Las Vegas Cybertruck explosion outside the Trump hotel](https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/07/us/las-vegas-cybertruck-explosion-livelsberger) ## Group B: organised use by terrorist groups Established terrorist groups adopting AI as an operational and propaganda capability. ### Islamic State supporter media network (News Harvest) - Status: Group activity - Year: 2024 - Jurisdiction: Transnational - Categories: Propaganda generation - AI tools: Generative video and voice tools - Confidence: Press reported - Canonical URL: https://www.ct-ai.org/cases#is-news-harvest-2024 Pro-Islamic State supporter networks, distinct from the group's official media arm, ran an AI-generated news-anchor programme called News Harvest from March 2024, repackaging official IS claims as broadcast-style bulletins within days of the Crocus City Hall attack. Sources: - The Washington Post (via HSToday), 21 May 2024: [These ISIS News Anchors Are AI Fakes. Their Propaganda is Real.](https://www.hstoday.us/subject-matter-areas/counterterrorism/these-isis-news-anchors-are-ai-fakes-their-propaganda-is-real/) - RealClearInvestigations, 17 May 2024: [These ISIS News Anchors Are AI Fakes. Their Propaganda is Real.](https://www.realclearinvestigations.com/articles/2024/05/17/investigative_issues_these_isis_news_anchors_are_ai_fakes_their_propaganda_is_real_1032422.html) ### Boko Haram (ISWAP and JAS factions) - Status: Group activity - Year: 2024 - Jurisdiction: Nigeria and the Lake Chad Basin - Categories: Capability uplift, Attack planning - AI tools: ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Grok, Meta AI, DeepSeek - Confidence: Press reported - Canonical URL: https://www.ct-ai.org/cases#boko-haram-chatbots-2024 A University of Cambridge study based on interviews with former members reports that both Boko Haram factions used mainstream Western and Chinese chatbots to support attack planning and weapons work between 2023 and 2025. Sources: - Cambridge Programme on AI Science and Policy, 10 July 2026: [God has helped us, and so will AI](https://casp.ac/reports/ai-enabled-terrorism) - South China Morning Post, 14 July 2026: [Boko Haram exploited US and Chinese AI chatbots for attacks, Cambridge study finds](https://www.scmp.com/news/us/article/3360585) - The New York Times, 10 July 2026: [How Terrorist Groups Are Using A.I. to Gain an Edge in Battle](https://www.nytimes.com/2026/07/10/us/politics/ai-terrorism-boko-haram-nigeria.html) ### Pro-Islamic State propaganda network (Spain) - Status: Group activity - Year: 2024 - Jurisdiction: Spain - Categories: Propaganda generation, Recruitment and grooming - AI tools: AI-powered editing applications - Confidence: Official report - Canonical URL: https://www.ct-ai.org/cases#spain-is-propaganda-2024 Spain's Interior Ministry said a media operative arrested near Barcelona in July 2024, part of a nine-arrest sweep against pro-Islamic State online propaganda, produced jihadist content using specialised editing applications powered by artificial intelligence, and was remanded in custody. Sources: - Ministerio del Interior, 5 July 2024: [La Guardia Civil y la DGST de Marruecos desarticulan una estructura terrorista en varias localidades en Espana](https://www.interior.gob.es/opencms/es/detalle/articulo/La-Guardia-Civil-y-la-DGST-de-Marruecos-desarticulan-una-estructura-terrorista-en-varias-localidades-en-Espana/) - Infobae, 5 July 2024: [La Guardia Civil atribuye a nueve jovenes detenidos la difusion de material yihadista para cometer acciones violentas](https://www.infobae.com/espana/agencias/2024/07/05/la-guardia-civil-atribuye-a-nueve-jovenes-detenidos-la-difusion-de-material-yihadista-para-cometer-acciones-violentas/) --- Compiled from public court records, official reports and press reporting, and from Tech Against Terrorism's CT Casebook. Headline figures from the AI and Terrorism Incident Tracker (June 2026). Last reviewed 19 July 2026.